home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Unknown | 1995-03-13 | 7.9 KB |
open in:
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.
Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
100%
| file
| data
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 4b 65 79 2b 8a 31 e4 56 | 41 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 77 |Key+.1.V|A wall w|
|00000010| 61 6c 6b 2e 00 53 65 65 | 20 6c 6f 6f 70 68 6f 6c |alk..See| loophol|
|00000020| 65 2e 0d 00 53 6d 6f 6f | 74 68 20 73 71 75 61 72 |e...Smoo|th squar|
|00000030| 65 2d 63 75 74 20 73 74 | 6f 6e 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 |e-cut st|one bloc|
|00000040| 6b 73 2e 00 41 20 63 75 | 70 62 6f 61 72 64 20 66 |ks..A cu|pboard f|
|00000050| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 68 | 6f 6c 79 20 76 65 73 73 |or the h|oly vess|
|00000060| 65 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 68 61 70 65 |els in t|he chape|
|00000070| 6c 2e 0d 00 44 65 66 65 | 6e 64 65 64 20 63 6f 75 |l...Defe|nded cou|
|00000080| 72 74 79 61 72 64 20 6f | 72 20 77 61 72 64 20 6f |rtyard o|r ward o|
|00000090| 66 20 61 20 63 61 73 74 | 6c 65 2e 00 45 61 72 6c |f a cast|le..Earl|
|000000a0| 79 20 74 79 70 65 20 6f | 66 20 77 65 61 70 6f 6e |y type o|f weapon|
|000000b0| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 72 | 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 6d 69 | for thr|owing mi|
|000000c0| 73 73 69 6c 65 73 2e 20 | 49 74 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 65 |ssiles. |It looke|
|000000d0| 64 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 61 | 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 63 |d like a| large c|
|000000e0| 72 6f 73 73 62 6f 77 20 | 6f 6e 20 61 20 70 6f 72 |rossbow |on a por|
|000000f0| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 63 61 | 72 72 69 61 67 65 2e 20 |table ca|rriage. |
|00000100| 49 74 20 66 69 72 65 64 | 20 6d 65 74 61 6c 20 62 |It fired| metal b|
|00000110| 6f 6c 74 73 2c 20 61 72 | 72 6f 77 73 20 6f 72 20 |olts, ar|rows or |
|00000120| 73 74 6f 6e 65 73 2e 00 | 41 20 72 61 69 6c 69 6e |stones..|A railin|
|00000130| 67 20 6f 72 20 70 61 72 | 61 70 65 74 20 6f 66 20 |g or par|apet of |
|00000140| 70 6f 73 74 73 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 77 61 73 20 |posts wh|ich was |
|00000150| 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 6f 72 6e 61 6d 65 6e 74 |usually |ornament|
|00000160| 61 6c 2e 00 46 6f 72 74 | 69 66 69 65 64 20 61 72 |al..Fort|ified ar|
|00000170| 65 61 20 64 65 66 65 6e | 64 69 6e 67 20 61 20 67 |ea defen|ding a g|
|00000180| 61 74 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 61 73 74 6c |ate of t|he castl|
|00000190| 65 20 6f 72 20 61 20 74 | 6f 77 6e 2e 20 42 61 72 |e or a t|own. Bar|
|000001a0| 62 69 63 61 6e 73 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 6f 66 74 65 |bicans w|ere ofte|
|000001b0| 6e 20 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 | 65 64 20 61 72 65 61 73 |n enclos|ed areas|
|000001c0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f 6e | 63 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 | that on|ce attac|
|000001d0| 6b 65 72 73 20 65 6e 74 | 65 72 65 64 2c 20 74 68 |kers ent|ered, th|
|000001e0| 65 79 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 62 65 20 66 69 72 65 |ey could| be fire|
|000001f0| 64 20 6f 6e 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 69 |d on fro|m all si|
|00000200| 64 65 73 2e 00 41 20 53 | 63 6f 74 74 69 73 68 20 |des..A S|cottish |
|00000210| 74 65 72 6d 20 66 6f 72 | 20 61 20 64 65 66 65 6e |term for| a defen|
|00000220| 64 65 64 20 63 6f 75 72 | 74 79 61 72 64 20 6f 66 |ded cour|tyard of|
|00000230| 20 61 20 63 61 73 74 6c | 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 77 | a castl|e. The w|
|00000240| 6f 72 64 20 69 73 20 70 | 72 6f 62 61 62 6c 79 20 |ord is p|robably |
|00000250| 61 20 63 6f 72 72 75 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |a corrup|tion of |
|00000260| 22 62 61 72 62 69 63 61 | 6e 22 2e 20 53 6f 6d 65 |"barbica|n". Some|
|00000270| 74 69 6d 65 73 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 65 |times us|ed to de|
|00000280| 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 |scribe t|he wall |
|00000290| 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 69 6e | 67 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 |enclosin|g such a|
|000002a0| 6e 20 61 72 65 61 2e 00 | 4f 76 65 72 68 61 6e 67 |n area..|Overhang|
|000002b0| 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 72 6e | 65 72 20 74 75 72 72 65 |ing corn|er turre|
|000002c0| 74 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 77 | 61 6c 6c 2e 0d 00 00 41 |t on a w|all....A|
|000002d0| 20 63 6f 72 6e 65 72 20 | 74 6f 77 65 72 2c 20 6f | corner |tower, o|
|000002e0| 70 65 6e 20 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 72 65 61 72 2e |pen at t|he rear.|
|000002f0| 00 49 72 69 73 68 20 74 | 65 72 6d 20 66 6f 72 20 |.Irish t|erm for |
|00000300| 74 68 65 20 61 72 65 61 | 20 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 65 |the area| enclose|
|00000310| 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 75 72 74 61 69 6e |d by the| curtain|
|00000320| 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 61 74 | 74 61 63 68 65 64 20 74 | wall at|tached t|
|00000330| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f | 77 65 72 20 68 6f 75 73 |o the to|wer hous|
|00000340| 65 2e 0d 00 41 20 73 69 | 65 67 65 20 74 6f 77 65 |e...A si|ege towe|
|00000350| 72 20 2d 20 61 20 77 6f | 6f 64 65 6e 20 74 6f 77 |r - a wo|oden tow|
|00000360| 65 72 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 | 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 77 68 |er mount|ed on wh|
|00000370| 65 65 6c 73 20 6f 72 20 | 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 73 20 |eels or |rollers |
|00000380| 61 6e 64 20 75 73 75 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 63 6f 76 65 |and usua|lly cove|
|00000390| 72 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 77 65 74 20 68 69 64 |red with| wet hid|
|000003a0| 65 73 20 74 6f 20 70 72 | 65 76 65 6e 74 20 69 74 |es to pr|event it|
|000003b0| 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 62 | 75 72 6e 74 2e 20 49 74 | being b|urnt. It|
|000003c0| 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | 65 20 70 75 73 68 65 64 | would b|e pushed|
|000003d0| 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 6c | against| the wal|
|000003e0| 6c 20 6f 66 20 61 20 62 | 65 73 69 65 67 65 64 20 |l of a b|esieged |
|000003f0| 63 61 73 74 6c 65 2e 20 | 4f 66 74 65 6e 20 74 68 |castle. |Often th|
|00000400| 65 72 65 20 77 61 73 20 | 61 20 64 72 6f 70 20 62 |ere was |a drop b|
|00000410| 72 69 64 67 65 20 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 |ridge at| the top|
|00000420| 2e 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | |
|00000430| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00000440| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00000450| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00000460| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | |
|00000470| 00 41 20 72 61 69 73 65 | 64 20 74 75 72 72 65 74 |.A raise|d turret|
|00000480| 20 6f 72 20 70 61 76 69 | 6c 69 6f 6e 2e 00 41 20 | or pavi|lion..A |
|00000490| 66 6c 61 74 20 61 72 65 | 61 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |flat are|a betwee|
|000004a0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 61 | 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |n the ba|se of th|
|000004b0| 65 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 65 |e wall a|nd the e|
|000004c0| 64 67 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 6f 61 74 20 |dge of t|he moat |
|000004d0| 6f 72 20 64 69 74 63 68 | 20 73 75 72 72 6f 75 6e |or ditch| surroun|
|000004e0| 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 61 73 74 6c 65 2e |ding the| castle.|
|000004f0| 00 41 6e 20 69 72 6f 6e | 20 74 69 70 70 65 64 20 |.An iron| tipped |
|00000500| 62 61 74 74 65 72 69 6e | 67 20 72 61 6d 20 66 6f |batterin|g ram fo|
|00000510| 72 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b | 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 73 6f |r attack|ing maso|
|00000520| 6e 72 79 2e 20 41 6c 73 | 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 |nry. Als|o known |
|00000530| 61 73 20 61 20 22 70 69 | 63 6b 22 2e 00 41 20 70 |as a "pi|ck"..A p|
|00000540| 69 6c 6c 61 72 20 73 74 | 72 65 6e 67 74 68 65 6e |illar st|rengthen|
|00000550| 69 6e 67 20 61 20 77 61 | 6c 6c 2e 00 41 20 73 6d |ing a wa|ll..A sm|
|00000560| 61 6c 6c 20 72 6f 6f 6d | 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |all room| at the |
|00000570| 74 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 61 | 20 73 74 61 69 72 20 6f |top of a| stair o|
|00000580| 72 20 77 69 6e 67 2e 00 | 42 61 74 74 6c 65 6d 65 |r wing..|Battleme|
|00000590| 6e 74 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 61 20 |nts on t|op of a |
|000005a0| 63 61 73 74 6c 65 20 6f | 72 20 74 6f 77 6e 20 77 |castle o|r town w|
|000005b0| 61 6c 6c 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 74 65 72 6d 20 72 65 |all. The| term re|
|000005c0| 66 65 72 73 20 74 6f 20 | 64 65 63 6f 72 61 74 69 |fers to |decorati|
|000005d0| 76 65 20 66 65 61 74 75 | 72 65 73 20 61 64 64 65 |ve featu|res adde|
|000005e0| 64 20 74 6f 20 77 61 6c | 6c 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 |d to wal|ls to ma|
|000005f0| 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 61 73 74 6c 65 20 6c 6f |ke the c|astle lo|
|00000600| 6f 6b 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 69 6d 70 6f 73 69 6e 67 |ok more |imposing|
|00000610| 20 61 6e 64 20 75 73 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 68 61 76 | and usu|ally hav|
|00000620| 65 20 6e 6f 20 64 65 66 | 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 70 |e no def|ensive p|
|00000630| 75 72 70 6f 73 65 2e 00 | 41 20 63 75 70 20 6f 72 |urpose..|A cup or|
|00000640| 20 67 6f 62 6c 65 74 2e | 20 43 68 61 6c 69 63 65 | goblet.| Chalice|
|00000650| 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 75 | 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 72 |s were u|sually r|
|00000660| 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 | 66 6f 72 20 43 68 75 72 |eserved |for Chur|
|00000670| 63 68 20 63 65 72 65 6d | 6f 6e 69 65 73 20 73 75 |ch cerem|onies su|
|00000680| 63 68 20 61 73 20 63 6f | 6d 6d 75 6e 69 6f 6e 20 |ch as co|mmunion |
|00000690| 74 6f 20 68 6f 6c 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 69 6e 65 |to hold |the wine|
|000006a0| 2e 0d 00 42 65 76 65 6c | 6c 65 64 20 66 61 63 65 |...Bevel|led face|
|000006b0| 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 63 75 74 74 | created| by cutt|
|000006c0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 71 75 61 |ing off |the squa|
|000006d0| 72 65 20 63 6f 72 6e 65 | 72 20 6f 66 20 61 20 73 |re corne|r of a s|
|000006e0| 74 6f 6e 65 20 6f 72 20 | 74 69 6d 62 65 72 20 73 |tone or |timber s|
|000006f0| 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 77 |tructure|. This w|
|00000700| 61 73 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 | 74 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 20 |as done |to help |
|00000710| 64 65 66 65 6e 64 65 72 | 73 20 62 79 20 72 65 64 |defender|s by red|
|00000720| 75 63 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 |ucing th|e number|
|00000730| 20 6f 66 20 22 62 6c 69 | 6e 64 20 73 70 6f 74 73 | of "bli|nd spots|
|00000740| 22 2e 00 41 20 63 61 73 | 74 6c 65 20 64 65 73 69 |"..A cas|tle desi|
|00000750| 67 6e 20 64 65 76 65 6c | 6f 70 65 64 20 62 79 20 |gn devel|oped by |
|00000760| 4a 61 6d 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 53 74 2e 20 47 65 6f |James of| St. Geo|
|00000770| 72 67 65 20 69 6e 20 57 | 61 6c 65 73 20 74 6f 20 |rge in W|ales to |
|00000780| 62 65 20 65 71 75 61 6c | 6c 79 20 64 65 66 65 6e |be equal|ly defen|
|00000790| 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 |sible fr|om all s|
|000007a0| 69 64 65 73 2e 20 49 74 | 73 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 |ides. It|s featur|
|000007b0| 65 73 20 73 75 63 68 20 | 61 73 20 67 61 74 65 68 |es such |as gateh|
|000007c0| 6f 75 73 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 |ouses ar|e often |
|000007d0| 6d 69 72 72 6f 72 65 64 | 20 6f 6e 20 65 61 63 68 |mirrored| on each|
|000007e0| 20 73 69 64 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 69 6e 6e 65 72 | side wi|th inner|
|000007f0| 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 | 65 72 20 77 61 6c 6c 73 | and out|er walls|
|00000800| 2e 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c | 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 48 |. Exampl|es are H|
|00000810| 61 72 6c 65 63 68 2c 20 | 42 65 61 75 6d 61 72 69 |arlech, |Beaumari|
|00000820| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |s and ma|ny other|
|00000830| 73 2e 0d 00 54 68 65 20 | 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6f 72 |s...The |governor|
|00000840| 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 61 | 73 74 6c 65 20 77 68 6f | of a ca|stle who|
|00000850| 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | 65 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e | would b|e respon|
|00000860| 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 |sible fo|r the da|
|00000870| 69 6c 79 20 72 75 6e 6e | 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 |ily runn|ing and |
|00000880| 75 70 6b 65 65 70 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f |upkeep t|o the lo|
|00000890| 72 64 2e 20 41 6c 73 6f | 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 |rd. Also| known a|
|000008a0| 73 20 61 20 77 61 72 64 | 65 6e 2c 20 63 61 70 74 |s a ward|en, capt|
|000008b0| 61 69 6e 20 6f 72 20 63 | 61 73 74 65 6c 6c 61 6e |ain or c|astellan|
|000008c0| 2e 00 41 20 73 74 6f 6e | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 |..A ston|e that s|
|000008d0| 74 69 63 6b 73 20 6f 75 | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |ticks ou|t of the|
|000008e0| 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f | 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 | wall to| support|
|000008f0| 20 61 20 62 65 61 6d 20 | 61 62 6f 76 65 20 69 74 | a beam |above it|
|00000900| 2e 00 54 68 65 20 66 6f | 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 |..The fo|rtificat|
|00000910| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 | 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e |ion of a| buildin|
|00000920| 67 2e 20 41 20 6c 6f 72 | 64 20 77 69 73 68 69 6e |g. A lor|d wishin|
|00000930| 67 20 74 6f 20 62 75 69 | 6c 64 20 61 20 63 61 73 |g to bui|ld a cas|
|00000940| 74 6c 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 | 66 6f 72 74 69 66 79 20 |tle, or |fortify |
|00000950| 61 6e 20 65 78 69 73 74 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 20 |an exist|ing one |
|00000960| 68 61 64 20 74 6f 20 61 | 70 70 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 |had to a|pply to |
|00000970| 74 68 65 20 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 6c |the king| for a l|
|00000980| 69 63 65 6e 63 65 20 74 | 6f 20 22 63 72 65 6e 61 |icence t|o "crena|
|00000990| 6c 6c 61 74 65 22 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 22 63 72 65 |llate". |The "cre|
|000009a0| 6e 61 6c 22 20 69 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 67 61 70 20 |nal" is |the gap |
|000009b0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 | 61 74 74 6c 65 6d 65 6e |in the b|attlemen|
|000009c0| 74 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 77 61 6c 6c 2e 0d |ts in th|e wall..|
|000009d0| 00 54 68 65 20 77 61 6c | 6c 20 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 |.The wal|l enclos|
|000009e0| 69 6e 67 20 61 20 62 61 | 69 6c 65 79 2c 20 63 6f |ing a ba|iley, co|
|000009f0| 75 72 74 79 61 72 64 20 | 6f 72 20 77 61 72 64 2e |urtyard |or ward.|
|00000a00| 00 54 68 65 20 6b 65 65 | 70 20 6f 72 20 67 72 65 |.The kee|p or gre|
|00000a10| 61 74 20 74 6f 77 65 72 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 77 |at tower|. This w|
|00000a20| 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 61 69 6e 20 64 65 66 65 |as the m|ain defe|
|00000a30| 6e 73 69 76 65 20 74 6f | 77 65 72 20 69 6e 20 74 |nsive to|wer in t|
|00000a40| 68 65 20 63 61 73 74 6c | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 64 75 |he castl|e and du|
|00000a50| 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 31 31 74 68 20 61 6e |ring the| 11th an|
|00000a60| 64 20 31 32 20 63 65 6e | 74 75 72 69 65 73 2c 20 |d 12 cen|turies, |
|00000a70| 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6f |often th|e only o|
|00000a80| 6e 65 2e 00 41 20 72 6f | 75 6e 64 20 74 6f 77 65 |ne..A ro|und towe|
|00000a90| 72 20 62 75 69 6c 74 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 77 |r built |into a w|
|00000aa0| 61 6c 6c 2e 00 53 65 65 | 20 63 72 65 6e 65 6c 6c |all..See| crenell|
|00000ab0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 41 | 6c 73 6f 20 75 73 65 64 |ation. A|lso used|
|00000ac0| 20 74 6f 20 64 65 73 63 | 72 69 62 65 20 74 68 65 | to desc|ribe the|
|00000ad0| 20 73 70 6c 61 79 65 64 | 20 6f 70 65 6e 69 6e 67 | splayed| opening|
|00000ae0| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6e 6e 65 72 20 73 69 | on the |inner si|
|00000af0| 64 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 6c 6f 6f 70 68 6f 6c 65 |de of a |loophole|
|00000b00| 2e 00 41 6e 20 65 6e 63 | 6c 6f 73 75 72 65 20 6f |..An enc|losure o|
|00000b10| 72 20 63 6f 75 72 74 79 | 61 72 64 2e 00 41 20 6c |r courty|ard..A l|
|00000b20| 6f 77 20 73 74 6f 72 65 | 79 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |ow store|y betwee|
|00000b30| 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 6d 61 | 69 6e 20 73 74 6f 72 65 |n two ma|in store|
|00000b40| 79 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 |ys of th|e buildi|
|00000b50| 6e 67 2e 00 41 20 70 72 | 6f 6a 65 63 74 69 6e 67 |ng..A pr|ojecting|
|00000b60| 20 64 65 66 65 6e 73 69 | 76 65 20 73 74 72 75 63 | defensi|ve struc|
|00000b70| 74 75 72 65 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 73 63 72 65 65 |ture whi|ch scree|
|00000b80| 6e 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 65 6e 74 72 61 6e 63 65 |ned the |entrance|
|00000b90| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 6b 65 65 70 20 66 72 6f | to the |keep fro|
|00000ba0| 6d 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 2e |m direct| attack.|
|00000bb0| 00 41 20 53 63 6f 74 74 | 69 73 68 20 74 65 72 6d |.A Scott|ish term|
|00000bc0| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 6d | 65 64 69 75 6d 2d 73 69 | for a m|edium-si|
|00000bd0| 7a 65 64 20 66 6f 72 74 | 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 75 |zed fort|ified bu|
|00000be0| 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 2e 00 | 54 6f 69 6c 65 74 20 6f |ilding..|Toilet o|
|00000bf0| 72 20 6c 61 74 72 69 6e | 65 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 |r latrin|e often |
|00000c00| 62 75 69 6c 74 20 69 6e | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 77 |built in|to the w|
|00000c10| 61 6c 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 | 63 61 73 74 6c 65 73 2e |alls of |castles.|
|00000c20| 00 54 68 65 20 70 61 73 | 73 61 67 65 20 69 6e 20 |.The pas|sage in |
|00000c30| 74 68 65 20 67 61 74 65 | 68 6f 75 73 65 20 74 68 |the gate|house th|
|00000c40| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 61 74 74 61 |rough wh|ich atta|
|00000c50| 63 6b 65 72 73 20 77 6f | 75 6c 64 20 6e 65 65 64 |ckers wo|uld need|
|00000c60| 20 74 6f 20 70 61 73 73 | 2e 20 50 72 6f 74 65 63 | to pass|. Protec|
|00000c70| 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 68 | 65 61 76 79 20 64 6f 6f |ted by h|eavy doo|
|00000c80| 72 73 2c 20 70 6f 72 74 | 63 75 6c 6c 69 73 65 73 |rs, port|cullises|
|00000c90| 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 75 72 | 64 65 72 20 68 6f 6c 65 | and mur|der hole|
|00000ca0| 73 2e 20 49 74 20 63 6f | 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 61 |s. It co|uld be a|
|00000cb0| 20 64 65 61 74 68 20 74 | 72 61 70 20 66 6f 72 20 | death t|rap for |
|00000cc0| 74 68 6f 73 65 20 77 68 | 6f 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 |those wh|o would |
|00000cd0| 74 72 79 2e 0d 00 41 20 | 62 61 6e 6b 20 73 6c 6f |try...A |bank slo|
|00000ce0| 70 69 6e 67 20 64 6f 77 | 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 |ping dow|n from a|
|00000cf0| 20 66 6f 72 74 20 6f 72 | 20 63 61 73 74 6c 65 20 | fort or| castle |
|00000d00| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 63 | 74 73 20 61 73 20 61 20 |which ac|ts as a |
|00000d10| 64 65 66 65 6e 63 65 2e | 00 41 20 62 75 69 6c 64 |defence.|.A build|
|00000d20| 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 72 6f 6f 6d 73 20 6f |ing with| rooms o|
|00000d30| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 | 76 65 6c 20 65 6e 64 20 |n the le|vel end |
|00000d40| 74 6f 20 65 6e 64 20 69 | 6e 73 74 65 61 64 20 6f |to end i|nstead o|
|00000d50| 66 20 61 62 6f 76 65 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 61 6e 6f 74 |f above |one anot|
|00000d60| 68 65 72 2e 00 41 20 77 | 6f 6f 64 65 6e 20 67 61 |her..A w|ooden ga|
|00000d70| 6c 6c 65 72 79 20 6f 76 | 65 72 68 61 6e 67 69 6e |llery ov|erhangin|
|00000d80| 67 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 | 6c 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 61 |g the wa|lls of a|
|00000d90| 20 63 61 73 74 6c 65 2e | 20 42 75 69 6c 74 20 77 | castle.| Built w|
|00000da0| 68 65 6e 20 61 74 74 61 | 63 6b 20 77 61 73 20 65 |hen atta|ck was e|
|00000db0| 78 70 65 63 74 65 64 2c | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 73 |xpected,| these s|
|00000dc0| 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 | 73 20 72 65 73 74 65 64 |tructure|s rested|
|00000dd0| 20 6f 6e 20 62 65 61 6d | 73 20 70 75 74 20 74 68 | on beam|s put th|
|00000de0| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 68 6f | 6c 65 73 20 6c 65 76 65 |rough ho|les leve|
|00000df0| 6c 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 |l with t|he wall |
|00000e00| 77 61 6c 6b 77 61 79 2e | 20 54 68 65 79 20 77 65 |walkway.| They we|
|00000e10| 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 64 72 6f 70 20 |re used |to drop |
|00000e20| 6d 69 73 73 69 6c 65 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 6f 73 |missiles| on thos|
|00000e30| 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |e attack|ing the |
|00000e40| 77 61 6c 6c 73 2e 00 54 | 68 65 20 73 74 72 61 69 |walls..T|he strai|
|00000e50| 67 68 74 20 73 69 64 65 | 20 6f 66 20 61 20 64 6f |ght side| of a do|
|00000e60| 6f 72 77 61 79 2c 20 61 | 72 63 68 20 6f 72 20 77 |orway, a|rch or w|
|00000e70| 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 00 53 | 65 65 20 64 6f 6e 6a 6f |indow..S|ee donjo|
|00000e80| 6e 00 41 20 67 61 74 65 | 77 61 79 20 74 68 61 74 |n.A gate|way that|
|00000e90| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 6c | contain|ed the l|
|00000ea0| 6f 72 64 27 73 20 6d 61 | 69 6e 20 72 65 73 69 64 |ord's ma|in resid|
|00000eb0| 65 6e 63 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |ence and| is the |
|00000ec0| 6d 61 69 6e 20 73 74 72 | 6f 6e 67 68 6f 6c 64 20 |main str|onghold |
|00000ed0| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 61 73 74 6c 65 2e 00 41 |of the c|astle..A|
|00000ee0| 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 | 6c 61 72 20 66 6f 72 6d | particu|lar form|
|00000ef0| 20 6f 66 20 53 63 6f 74 | 74 69 73 68 20 74 6f 77 | of Scot|tish tow|
|00000f00| 65 72 20 68 6f 75 73 65 | 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 |er house| in whic|
|00000f10| 68 20 61 20 77 69 6e 67 | 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 |h a wing| has bee|
|00000f20| 6e 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 | 61 74 20 72 69 67 68 74 |n added |at right|
|00000f30| 20 61 6e 67 6c 65 73 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6d | angles |to the m|
|00000f40| 61 69 6e 20 74 6f 77 65 | 72 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 |ain towe|r for ex|
|00000f50| 74 72 61 20 70 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 |tra prot|ection f|
|00000f60| 72 6f 6d 20 63 6f 76 65 | 72 69 6e 67 20 66 69 72 |rom cove|ring fir|
|00000f70| 65 2e 00 41 6e 20 6f 70 | 65 6e 20 67 61 6c 6c 65 |e..An op|en galle|
|00000f80| 72 79 20 6f 66 20 61 72 | 63 68 65 73 2e 00 41 20 |ry of ar|ches..A |
|00000f90| 73 6c 69 74 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 6c 6c |slit in |the wall|
|00000fa0| 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 61 | 73 74 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 | of a ca|stle to |
|00000fb0| 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 64 | 65 66 65 6e 64 65 72 73 |enable d|efenders|
|00000fc0| 20 74 6f 20 66 69 72 65 | 20 61 72 72 6f 77 73 20 | to fire| arrows |
|00000fd0| 61 74 20 61 74 74 61 63 | 6b 65 72 73 2e 20 41 6c |at attac|kers. Al|
|00000fe0| 73 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 22 |so known| as an "|
|00000ff0| 61 72 72 6f 77 6c 6f 6f | 70 22 20 6f 72 20 22 61 |arrowloo|p" or "a|
|00001000| 72 72 6f 77 20 73 6c 69 | 74 22 2e 0d 00 4f 70 65 |rrow sli|t"...Ope|
|00001010| 6e 69 6e 67 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 66 6c 6f |nings in| the flo|
|00001020| 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 74 69 |or of a |projecti|
|00001030| 6e 67 20 70 61 72 61 70 | 65 74 20 6f 72 20 70 6c |ng parap|et or pl|
|00001040| 61 74 66 6f 72 6d 20 61 | 6c 6f 6e 67 20 61 20 77 |atform a|long a w|
|00001050| 61 6c 6c 20 6f 72 20 61 | 62 6f 76 65 20 61 6e 20 |all or a|bove an |
|00001060| 61 72 63 68 77 61 79 2e | 20 4d 69 73 73 69 6c 65 |archway.| Missile|
|00001070| 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 64 | 72 6f 70 70 65 64 20 76 |s were d|ropped v|
|00001080| 65 72 74 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 20 6f 6e 20 61 74 74 |erticall|y on att|
|00001090| 61 63 6b 65 72 73 20 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 79 20 74 |ackers a|s they t|
|000010a0| 72 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 67 61 69 6e 20 65 6e 74 |ried to |gain ent|
|000010b0| 72 79 20 6f 72 20 73 63 | 61 6c 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ry or sc|ale the |
|000010c0| 77 61 6c 6c 2e 00 41 20 | 73 69 65 67 65 20 77 65 |wall..A |siege we|
|000010d0| 61 70 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 72 65 77 20 |apon tha|t threw |
|000010e0| 68 65 61 76 79 20 73 74 | 6f 6e 65 73 20 61 6e 64 |heavy st|ones and|
|000010f0| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6f | 62 6a 65 63 74 73 20 61 | other o|bjects a|
|00001100| 74 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 | 6c 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 61 |t the wa|lls of a|
|00001110| 20 63 61 73 74 6c 65 2e | 00 54 68 65 20 74 65 65 | castle.|.The tee|
|00001120| 74 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 61 74 74 6c 65 |th of th|e battle|
|00001130| 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 6f 70 70 6f 73 |ments. T|he oppos|
|00001140| 69 74 65 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 22 63 72 65 6e |ite to t|he "cren|
|00001150| 61 6c 73 22 20 6f 72 20 | 67 61 70 73 2e 00 53 65 |als" or |gaps..Se|
|00001160| 65 20 6d 75 72 64 65 72 | 20 68 6f 6c 65 2e 00 41 |e murder| hole..A|
|00001170| 6e 20 61 72 74 69 66 69 | 63 69 61 6c 20 28 6f 72 |n artifi|cial (or|
|00001180| 20 69 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 | 64 20 6e 61 74 75 72 61 | improve|d natura|
|00001190| 6c 29 20 65 61 72 74 68 | 77 6f 72 6b 20 6f 72 20 |l) earth|work or |
|000011a0| 6d 6f 75 6e 64 20 6f 6e | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 |mound on| which t|
|000011b0| 68 65 20 63 61 73 74 6c | 65 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 |he castl|e would |
|000011c0| 62 65 20 62 75 69 6c 74 | 2e 00 4f 70 65 6e 69 6e |be built|..Openin|
|000011d0| 67 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 |gs in th|e roofs |
|000011e0| 6f 66 20 70 61 73 73 61 | 67 65 77 61 79 73 20 65 |of passa|geways e|
|000011f0| 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c 6c | 79 20 69 6e 20 65 6e 74 |speciall|y in ent|
|00001200| 72 61 6e 63 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 63 61 73 74 6c 65 |rances t|o castle|
|00001210| 73 2c 20 74 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 20 77 68 69 63 68 |s, throu|gh which|
|00001220| 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 65 | 72 73 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 | attacke|rs could|
|00001230| 20 62 65 20 61 6d 62 75 | 73 68 65 64 20 77 69 74 | be ambu|shed wit|
|00001240| 68 20 61 72 72 6f 77 73 | 2c 20 62 6f 69 6c 69 6e |h arrows|, boilin|
|00001250| 67 20 77 61 74 65 72 2c | 20 6f 69 6c 20 65 74 63 |g water,| oil etc|
|00001260| 2e 00 54 68 65 20 63 65 | 6e 74 72 61 6c 20 70 6f |..The ce|ntral po|
|00001270| 73 74 20 61 72 6f 75 6e | 64 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |st aroun|d which |
|00001280| 61 20 73 70 69 72 61 6c | 20 73 74 61 69 72 63 61 |a spiral| stairca|
|00001290| 73 65 20 72 65 76 6f 6c | 76 65 73 2e 00 41 20 74 |se revol|ves..A t|
|000012a0| 79 70 65 20 6f 66 20 61 | 72 72 6f 77 6c 6f 6f 70 |ype of a|rrowloop|
|000012b0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 69 | 72 63 75 6c 61 72 20 73 | with ci|rcular s|
|000012c0| 69 67 68 74 68 6f 6c 65 | 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 |ighthole|s at the|
|000012d0| 20 65 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f | ends of| the loo|
|000012e0| 70 20 69 6e 20 6f 72 64 | 65 72 20 74 6f 20 69 6d |p in ord|er to im|
|000012f0| 70 72 6f 76 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 65 66 65 6e 64 |prove th|e defend|
|00001300| 65 72 73 20 6c 69 6e 65 | 20 6f 66 20 73 69 67 68 |ers line| of sigh|
|00001310| 74 2e 0d 00 41 20 64 75 | 6e 67 65 6f 6e 20 72 65 |t...A du|ngeon re|
|00001320| 61 63 68 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 61 20 74 72 61 70 20 |ached by| a trap |
|00001330| 64 6f 6f 72 2e 20 28 53 | 65 65 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 |door. (S|ee also |
|00001340| 50 69 74 20 70 72 69 73 | 6f 6e 2e 29 0d 00 41 20 |Pit pris|on.)..A |
|00001350| 76 61 75 6c 74 65 64 20 | 70 61 73 73 61 67 65 20 |vaulted |passage |
|00001360| 69 6e 20 61 20 63 61 73 | 74 6c 65 2e 00 54 68 65 |in a cas|tle..The|
|00001370| 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 | 69 76 65 20 6f 75 74 65 | protect|ive oute|
|00001380| 72 20 77 61 6c 6c 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 |r wall o|f the wa|
|00001390| 6c 6c 20 77 61 6c 6b 2e | 00 41 20 68 6f 6c 79 20 |ll walk.|.A holy |
|000013a0| 70 6c 61 74 65 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |plate us|ed in th|
|000013b0| 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 6f 6e 20 73 65 72 76 |e commun|ion serv|
|000013c0| 69 63 65 20 69 6e 20 63 | 68 61 70 65 6c 20 74 6f |ice in c|hapel to|
|000013d0| 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 62 72 65 | present| the bre|
|000013e0| 61 64 2e 20 49 74 20 77 | 61 73 20 6d 61 64 65 20 |ad. It w|as made |
|000013f0| 6f 66 20 70 72 65 63 69 | 6f 75 73 20 6d 65 74 61 |of preci|ous meta|
|00001400| 6c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 | 73 20 67 6f 6c 64 20 6f |l such a|s gold o|
|00001410| 72 20 73 69 6c 76 65 72 | 2e 0d 00 41 20 73 69 65 |r silver|...A sie|
|00001420| 67 65 20 74 68 72 6f 77 | 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 63 68 |ge throw|ing mach|
|00001430| 69 6e 65 20 64 65 73 69 | 67 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |ine desi|gned to |
|00001440| 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 75 6e 73 6b 69 |be used |by unski|
|00001450| 6c 6c 65 64 20 73 6f 6c | 64 69 65 72 73 2e 20 49 |lled sol|diers. I|
|00001460| 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 | 74 65 64 20 6f 66 20 61 |t consis|ted of a|
|00001470| 20 74 68 72 6f 77 69 6e | 67 20 61 72 6d 20 77 69 | throwin|g arm wi|
|00001480| 74 68 20 61 20 6e 65 74 | 20 61 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 |th a net| at one |
|00001490| 65 6e 64 20 77 68 65 72 | 65 20 61 20 6d 69 73 73 |end wher|e a miss|
|000014a0| 69 6c 65 20 77 61 73 20 | 70 6c 61 63 65 64 2e 20 |ile was |placed. |
|000014b0| 54 68 72 65 65 20 6f 66 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 6d 65 |Three of| more me|
|000014c0| 6e 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 65 |n at the| other e|
|000014d0| 6e 64 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 70 75 6c 6c 20 6f 6e |nd would| pull on|
|000014e0| 20 72 6f 70 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 68 75 72 6c 20 74 | ropes t|o hurl t|
|000014f0| 68 65 20 6d 69 73 73 69 | 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 77 61 |he missi|le forwa|
|00001500| 72 64 2e 0d 00 41 20 73 | 74 6f 6e 65 20 62 61 73 |rd...A s|tone bas|
|00001510| 69 6e 20 69 6e 20 61 20 | 63 68 61 70 65 6c 20 75 |in in a |chapel u|
|00001520| 73 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 77 61 73 68 69 6e 67 20 |sed for |washing |
|00001530| 74 68 65 20 68 6f 6c 79 | 20 76 65 73 73 65 6c 73 |the holy| vessels|
|00001540| 2e 0d 00 41 6e 20 75 6e | 64 65 72 67 72 6f 75 6e |...An un|dergroun|
|00001550| 64 20 63 65 6c 6c 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |d cell w|ith the |
|00001560| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 65 6e 74 | 72 61 6e 63 65 20 74 68 |only ent|rance th|
|00001570| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 61 20 | 68 61 74 63 68 20 69 6e |rough a |hatch in|
|00001580| 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 69 | 6c 69 6e 67 2e 20 41 6c | the cei|ling. Al|
|00001590| 73 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 61 73 20 22 62 6f 74 |so known| as "bot|
|000015a0| 74 6c 65 20 64 75 6e 67 | 65 6f 6e 73 22 20 66 72 |tle dung|eons" fr|
|000015b0| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 68 61 70 65 20 6f 66 20 |om the s|hape of |
|000015c0| 74 68 65 20 63 65 6c 6c | 20 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 22 |the cell| or an "|
|000015d0| 4f 75 62 6c 69 65 74 74 | 65 22 2e 0d 00 41 20 68 |Oubliett|e"...A h|
|000015e0| 65 61 76 79 20 77 6f 6f | 64 65 6e 20 6f 72 20 69 |eavy woo|den or i|
|000015f0| 72 6f 6e 20 67 72 69 6c | 6c 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ron gril|le that |
|00001600| 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 65 | 64 20 61 6e 20 65 6e 74 |protecte|d an ent|
|00001610| 72 61 6e 63 65 20 6f 72 | 20 67 61 74 65 77 61 79 |rance or| gateway|
|00001620| 2e 20 49 74 20 77 61 73 | 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 65 64 |. It was| lowered|
|00001630| 20 61 6e 64 20 72 61 69 | 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 77 | and rai|sed by w|
|00001640| 69 6e 63 68 65 73 20 61 | 62 6f 76 65 2e 00 41 20 |inches a|bove..A |
|00001650| 73 6d 61 6c 6c 20 64 6f | 6f 72 20 6f 72 20 67 61 |small do|or or ga|
|00001660| 74 65 20 6f 66 74 65 6e | 20 68 69 64 64 65 6e 20 |te often| hidden |
|00001670| 65 6e 61 62 6c 69 6e 67 | 20 64 65 66 65 6e 64 65 |enabling| defende|
|00001680| 72 73 20 74 6f 20 73 6c | 69 70 20 69 6e 20 61 6e |rs to sl|ip in an|
|00001690| 64 20 6f 75 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 73 |d out of| the cas|
|000016a0| 74 6c 65 20 75 6e 73 65 | 65 6e 2e 20 49 74 20 77 |tle unse|en. It w|
|000016b0| 61 73 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 66 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 |as speci|fically |
|000016c0| 64 65 73 69 67 6e 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 6c 65 74 20 |designed| to let |
|000016d0| 64 65 66 65 6e 64 65 72 | 73 20 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 |defender|s mount |
|000016e0| 61 20 73 75 72 70 72 69 | 73 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 |a surpri|se attac|
|000016f0| 6b 20 28 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 61 73 20 73 61 6c 6c |k (known| as sall|
|00001700| 79 70 6f 72 74 73 29 20 | 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 |yports) |on the b|
|00001710| 65 73 69 65 67 65 72 73 | 2e 0d 00 0d 00 00 41 20 |esiegers|......A |
|00001720| 64 72 65 73 73 65 64 20 | 63 6f 72 6e 65 72 20 73 |dressed |corner s|
|00001730| 74 6f 6e 65 2e 00 4f 70 | 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 62 |tone..Op|erated b|
|00001740| 79 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 | 74 77 65 6c 76 65 20 6d |y up to |twelve m|
|00001750| 65 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 61 6d 20 77 61 73 20 |en, the |ram was |
|00001760| 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 62 61 74 74 65 72 20 64 |used to |batter d|
|00001770| 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 6f 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 |own the |door of |
|00001780| 74 68 65 20 63 61 73 74 | 6c 65 2e 20 49 74 20 77 |the cast|le. It w|
|00001790| 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 | 68 6f 75 73 65 64 20 69 |ould be |housed i|
|000017a0| 6e 20 61 20 70 65 6e 74 | 68 6f 75 73 65 2c 20 6f |n a pent|house, o|
|000017b0| 72 20 77 6f 6f 64 65 6e | 20 68 6f 75 73 69 6e 67 |r wooden| housing|
|000017c0| 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 | to prot|ect the |
|000017d0| 6d 65 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 62 6f 6d 62 61 72 64 |men from| bombard|
|000017e0| 6d 65 6e 74 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2e |ment fro|m above.|
|000017f0| 0d 00 54 68 65 20 63 61 | 73 74 6c 65 20 61 64 6d |..The ca|stle adm|
|00001800| 69 6e 69 73 74 72 61 74 | 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 63 68 |inistrat|or in ch|
|00001810| 61 72 67 65 20 6f 66 20 | 66 69 6e 61 6e 63 69 61 |arge of |financia|
|00001820| 6c 20 61 66 66 61 69 72 | 73 2e 20 49 74 20 77 61 |l affair|s. It wa|
|00001830| 73 20 68 69 73 20 72 65 | 73 70 6f 6e 73 69 62 69 |s his re|sponsibi|
|00001840| 6c 69 74 79 20 74 6f 20 | 6d 61 6b 65 20 73 75 72 |lity to |make sur|
|00001850| 65 20 74 61 78 65 73 2c | 20 72 65 6e 74 73 20 61 |e taxes,| rents a|
|00001860| 6e 64 20 64 75 65 73 20 | 77 65 72 65 20 63 6f 6c |nd dues |were col|
|00001870| 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 61 | 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 |lected a|s well a|
|00001880| 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 72 64 27 |s make t|he lord'|
|00001890| 73 20 65 73 74 61 74 65 | 73 20 70 72 6f 66 69 74 |s estate|s profit|
|000018a0| 61 62 6c 65 2e 0d 00 54 | 6f 20 66 61 63 65 20 61 |able...T|o face a|
|000018b0| 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 74 | surface| with st|
|000018c0| 6f 6e 65 20 73 6c 61 62 | 73 20 74 6f 20 61 64 64 |one slab|s to add|
|000018d0| 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 73 | 74 72 65 6e 67 74 68 2e | extra s|trength.|
|000018e0| 00 41 20 73 6b 69 6c 6c | 65 64 20 6d 69 6e 65 72 |.A skill|ed miner|
|000018f0| 20 6f 72 20 71 75 61 72 | 72 79 6d 61 6e 20 75 73 | or quar|ryman us|
|00001900| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 75 6e | 64 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 |ed to un|dermine |
|00001910| 63 61 73 74 6c 65 20 77 | 61 6c 6c 73 2e 20 41 20 |castle w|alls. A |
|00001920| 74 75 6e 6e 65 6c 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |tunnel w|ould be |
|00001930| 64 75 67 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 |dug unde|r the wa|
|00001940| 6c 6c 20 6f 72 20 74 6f | 77 65 72 20 68 65 6c 64 |ll or to|wer held|
|00001950| 20 75 70 20 62 79 20 70 | 72 6f 70 73 2e 20 57 68 | up by p|rops. Wh|
|00001960| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 | 69 6d 65 20 77 61 73 20 |en the t|ime was |
|00001970| 72 69 67 68 74 2c 20 61 | 20 66 69 72 65 20 77 6f |right, a| fire wo|
|00001980| 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 73 | 74 61 72 74 65 64 20 69 |uld be s|tarted i|
|00001990| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 75 | 6e 6e 65 6c 20 6d 61 6b |n the tu|nnel mak|
|000019a0| 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 61 6c 6c 20 63 6f 6c |ing the |wall col|
|000019b0| 6c 61 70 73 65 20 61 62 | 6f 76 65 2e 0d 00 54 68 |lapse ab|ove...Th|
|000019c0| 65 20 70 72 69 65 73 74 | 27 73 20 73 65 61 74 20 |e priest|'s seat |
|000019d0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 68 61 70 65 6c 2e 0d 00 |in the c|hapel...|
|000019e0| 46 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |Followin|g the co|
|000019f0| 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 4d 6f |nstructi|on of Mo|
|00001a00| 74 74 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 42 61 69 6c 65 79 20 63 |tte and |Bailey c|
|00001a10| 61 73 74 6c 65 73 20 6f | 66 20 77 6f 6f 64 2c 20 |astles o|f wood, |
|00001a20| 74 68 65 20 4e 6f 72 6d | 61 6e 73 20 6d 61 64 65 |the Norm|ans made|
|00001a30| 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 65 | 72 6d 61 6e 65 6e 74 20 | more pe|rmanent |
|00001a40| 63 61 73 74 6c 65 73 20 | 62 79 20 62 75 69 6c 64 |castles |by build|
|00001a50| 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 74 | 6f 6e 65 20 64 65 66 65 |ing a st|one defe|
|00001a60| 6e 73 69 76 65 20 77 61 | 6c 6c 20 61 72 6f 75 6e |nsive wa|ll aroun|
|00001a70| 64 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f | 70 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |d the to|p of the|
|00001a80| 20 6d 6f 74 74 65 2e 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 74 79 70 | motte. |This typ|
|00001a90| 65 20 6f 66 20 63 61 73 | 74 6c 65 20 62 65 63 61 |e of cas|tle beca|
|00001aa0| 6d 65 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |me known| as the |
|00001ab0| 73 68 65 6c 6c 20 6b 65 | 65 70 2e 20 43 61 73 74 |shell ke|ep. Cast|
|00001ac0| 6c 65 20 41 63 72 65 20 | 69 6e 20 4e 6f 72 66 6f |le Acre |in Norfo|
|00001ad0| 6c 6b 20 69 73 20 61 20 | 67 6f 6f 64 20 65 78 61 |lk is a |good exa|
|00001ae0| 6d 70 6c 65 2e 0d 00 54 | 6f 20 64 65 6c 69 62 65 |mple...T|o delibe|
|00001af0| 72 61 74 65 6c 79 20 64 | 61 6d 61 67 65 20 61 20 |rately d|amage a |
|00001b00| 63 61 73 74 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 69 |castle t|o make i|
|00001b10| 74 20 75 6e 66 69 74 20 | 66 6f 72 20 75 73 65 2e |t unfit |for use.|
|00001b20| 00 41 20 64 72 61 69 6e | 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 66 |.A drain| often f|
|00001b30| 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 | 63 61 73 74 6c 65 20 6b |ound in |castle k|
|00001b40| 69 74 63 68 65 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 |itchen a|nd somet|
|00001b50| 69 6d 65 73 20 6c 69 6e | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |imes lin|ed with |
|00001b60| 6c 65 61 64 2e 0d 00 54 | 68 65 20 70 72 69 76 61 |lead...T|he priva|
|00001b70| 74 65 20 6c 69 76 69 6e | 67 20 71 75 61 72 74 65 |te livin|g quarte|
|00001b80| 72 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 6f 72 64 2e 20 |rs of th|e lord. |
|00001b90| 49 74 20 69 73 20 75 73 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 6e 65 |It is us|ually ne|
|00001ba0| 78 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 |xt to th|e great |
|00001bb0| 68 61 6c 6c 2e 0d 00 54 | 68 65 20 63 61 73 74 6c |hall...T|he castl|
|00001bc0| 65 20 61 64 6d 69 6e 69 | 73 74 72 61 74 6f 72 20 |e admini|strator |
|00001bd0| 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 69 | 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 |responsi|ble for |
|00001be0| 74 68 65 20 65 76 65 72 | 79 64 61 79 20 72 75 6e |the ever|yday run|
|00001bf0| 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 | 61 66 66 61 69 72 73 20 |ning of |affairs |
|00001c00| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 61 73 74 6c 65 20 77 68 |in the c|astle wh|
|00001c10| 69 6c 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 6f 72 64 20 77 61 73 |ile the |lord was|
|00001c20| 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 2e 20 4c 6f 72 64 | not the|re. Lord|
|00001c30| 73 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 6c 69 76 65 |s could |not live|
|00001c40| 20 70 65 72 6d 61 6e 65 | 6e 74 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 | permane|ntly on |
|00001c50| 74 68 65 20 6d 61 6e 79 | 20 65 73 74 61 74 65 73 |the many| estates|
|00001c60| 20 74 68 65 79 20 6d 69 | 67 68 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 | they mi|ght cont|
|00001c70| 72 6f 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 69 74 20 77 61 73 20 74 |rol and |it was t|
|00001c80| 68 65 73 65 20 6d 65 6e | 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 6f |hese men| that wo|
|00001c90| 75 6c 64 20 69 6e 20 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 20 63 6f |uld in e|ffect co|
|00001ca0| 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 6d 61 | 74 74 65 72 73 20 69 6e |ntrol ma|tters in|
|00001cb0| 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 61 | 62 73 65 6e 63 65 2e 00 | their a|bsence..|
|00001cc0| 41 20 70 6c 61 69 6e 2c | 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 66 |A plain,| often f|
|00001cd0| 65 61 74 75 72 65 6c 65 | 73 73 2c 20 63 61 73 74 |eaturele|ss, cast|
|00001ce0| 6c 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 6d 6f 73 74 6c 79 20 |le found| mostly |
|00001cf0| 69 6e 20 53 63 6f 74 6c | 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |in Scotl|and and |
|00001d00| 49 72 65 6c 61 6e 64 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 73 6f 6d |Ireland |with som|
|00001d10| 65 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c | 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |e exampl|es in th|
|00001d20| 65 20 4e 6f 72 74 68 20 | 6f 66 20 45 6e 67 6c 61 |e North |of Engla|
|00001d30| 6e 64 2e 20 49 74 20 63 | 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 |nd. It c|onsists |
|00001d40| 6f 66 20 61 20 74 6f 77 | 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 |of a tow|er with |
|00001d50| 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 64 | 65 63 6f 72 61 74 69 6f |little d|ecoratio|
|00001d60| 6e 20 6f 72 20 77 69 6e | 64 6f 77 73 2e 20 45 61 |n or win|dows. Ea|
|00001d70| 63 68 20 66 6c 6f 6f 72 | 20 69 73 20 6f 66 74 65 |ch floor| is ofte|
|00001d80| 6e 20 6a 75 73 74 20 6f | 6e 65 20 72 6f 6f 6d 2e |n just o|ne room.|
|00001d90| 0d 00 00 41 20 68 65 61 | 76 79 20 73 69 65 67 65 |...A hea|vy siege|
|00001da0| 20 77 65 61 70 6f 6e 20 | 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | weapon |used to |
|00001db0| 74 68 72 6f 77 20 6c 61 | 72 67 65 20 6d 69 73 73 |throw la|rge miss|
|00001dc0| 69 6c 65 73 20 6c 6f 6e | 67 20 64 69 73 74 61 6e |iles lon|g distan|
|00001dd0| 63 65 73 2e 20 49 74 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 65 |ces. It |consiste|
|00001de0| 64 20 6f 66 20 61 20 6c | 6f 6e 67 20 74 68 72 6f |d of a l|ong thro|
|00001df0| 77 69 6e 67 20 61 72 6d | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 |wing arm| with a |
|00001e00| 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 70 | 6f 69 73 65 20 77 65 69 |counterp|oise wei|
|00001e10| 67 68 74 20 6f 6e 20 6f | 6e 65 20 65 6e 64 2e 20 |ght on o|ne end. |
|00001e20| 57 68 65 6e 20 69 74 20 | 77 61 73 20 72 65 6c 65 |When it |was rele|
|00001e30| 61 73 65 64 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 |ased, th|e projec|
|00001e40| 74 69 6c 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 74 68 72 6f 77 6e 20 |tile was| thrown |
|00001e50| 68 69 67 68 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 69 6e |high and| long in|
|00001e60| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 61 73 74 6c 65 2e 0d 00 |to the c|astle...|
|00001e70| 41 6e 20 65 61 72 6c 79 | 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |An early| version|
|00001e80| 20 6f 66 20 61 20 64 72 | 61 77 62 72 69 64 67 65 | of a dr|awbridge|
|00001e90| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 6f | 70 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 | which o|perated |
|00001ea0| 6c 69 6b 65 20 61 20 22 | 73 65 65 2d 73 61 77 22 |like a "|see-saw"|
|00001eb0| 2e 00 41 20 53 63 6f 74 | 74 69 73 68 20 74 79 70 |..A Scot|tish typ|
|00001ec0| 65 20 6f 66 20 70 6f 72 | 74 63 75 6c 6c 69 73 20 |e of por|tcullis |
|00001ed0| 2d 20 61 20 67 61 74 65 | 20 6d 61 64 65 20 6f 66 |- a gate| made of|
|00001ee0| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 73 65 | 63 74 69 6e 67 20 69 72 | interse|cting ir|
|00001ef0| 6f 6e 20 62 61 72 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 77 65 6e |on bars |that wen|
|00001f00| 74 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 | 68 20 65 61 63 68 20 6f |t throug|h each o|
|00001f10| 74 68 65 72 2e 00 41 20 | 64 69 73 74 69 6e 63 74 |ther..A |distinct|
|00001f20| 69 76 65 20 53 63 6f 74 | 74 69 73 68 20 66 6f 72 |ive Scot|tish for|
|00001f30| 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 6f 77 | 65 72 20 68 6f 75 73 65 |m of tow|er house|
|00001f40| 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 74 77 6f 20 63 6f | in whic|h two co|
|00001f50| 72 6e 65 72 20 74 6f 77 | 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 |rner tow|ers are |
|00001f60| 61 64 64 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 |added to| the mai|
|00001f70| 6e 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 | 74 6f 20 67 69 76 65 20 |n block |to give |
|00001f80| 65 78 74 72 61 20 70 72 | 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e |extra pr|otection|
|00001f90| 2e 0d 00 00 | |.... | |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+